{"id":7261,"date":"2020-02-20T14:07:03","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spravodajstvo24.sk\/?p=7261"},"modified":"2020-02-20T14:16:12","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:16:12","slug":"zaluzie-maju-nazov-po-ziarlivcoch-rolety-pouzivali-aj-chudobni-ako-sa-nasi-predkovia-chranili-pred-slnkom-ci-zvedavcami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spravodajstvo24.sk\/?p=7261","title":{"rendered":"\u017dal\u00fazie maj\u00fa n\u00e1zov po \u017eiarlivcoch, rolety pou\u017e\u00edvali aj chudobn\u00ed. Ako sa na\u0161i predkovia chr\u00e1nili pred slnkom \u010di zvedavcami?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V zime zais\u0165uje potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fakromie, pom\u00e1ha v\u0161ak aj lep\u0161ie izolova\u0165 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 domu. V lete potom br\u00e1ni slne\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a teplu, aby prenikli do interi\u00e9ru. Tieniaca technika v podobe \u017eal\u00fazi\u00ed a roliet nie je v\u00fddobytkom s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. \u013dudia sa sna\u017eili okn\u00e1 zatieni\u0165 pred slnkom u\u017e odprad\u00e1vna. \u010co pou\u017e\u00edvali star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania? Pre\u010do sa \u017eal\u00fazie volaj\u00fa \u017eal\u00fazie? Nahliadnite s nami do hist\u00f3rie tieniacej techniky, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 tis\u00edce rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prv\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy vznikli pred \u0161iestimi tis\u00edcami rokov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S ostr\u00fdmi slne\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00fa\u010dmi nebojujeme len v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred slnkom potrebovali u\u017e \u013eudia v neolite, ke\u010f zakr\u00fdvali vchod do jaskyne zvieracou ko\u017eou. Prv\u00e9 zmienky o tienidl\u00e1ch, z ktor\u00fdch sa vyvinula dne\u0161n\u00e1 tieniaca technika, sa v\u0161ak datuj\u00fa a\u017e do 4. tis\u00edcro\u010dia p. n. l. U\u017e vtedy si star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania potrpeli na \u0161t\u00fdlov\u00fa dekor\u00e1ciu aj funk\u010dnos\u0165. Ich okn\u00e1 a otvory medzi st\u013apmi zatie\u0148ovali tkan\u00e9 textiln\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi ornament\u00e1lnymi vzormi, ktor\u00e9 v priestore vo\u013ene spl\u00fdvali. Skuto\u010dne dekorat\u00edvny charakter mali z\u00e1vesy v starovekom Gr\u00e9cku. Tam sa toti\u017e prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavili takzvan\u00e9 pelmety, l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 ozdoby nad oknami, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jali z\u00e1vesy na bo\u010dn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch. Starogr\u00e9cke z\u00e1vesy boli skladan\u00e9 a zdoben\u00e9 jednoduch\u00fdm vzorom, spodn\u00fd lem mal tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pravouhl\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 tvary, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj dnes. Aj starovek\u00fd R\u00edm priniesol novinky. Na \u00fazem\u00ed r\u00ed\u0161e sa za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 strapkanie a strapce na koncoch z\u00e1vesov alebo girlandov\u00e9 pelmety. Zo vzorov bol najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed kvetinov\u00fd mot\u00edv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romantizmus kladie d\u00f4raz na funk\u010dnos\u0165, barok na pomp\u00e9znos\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj \u010fal\u0161ie historick\u00e9 obdobia dali tieniacej technike nov\u00fa tv\u00e1r. Na jej podobe aj funk\u010dnosti sa v\u017edy odrazilo to, \u010do bolo pr\u00e1ve modern\u00e9. V rom\u00e1nskom obdob\u00ed bola vytvoren\u00e1 prv\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00e1 garni\u017ea, v gotike sa pomocou z\u00e1vesov zdobili aj steny, renesancia zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovala pelmety. V baroku sa zas dbalo na ve\u013ekolepos\u0165, rokoko si ob\u013e\u00fabilo vesel\u00e9 kvetinov\u00e9 vzory a bohat\u00e9 riasenie, klasicizmus sa vr\u00e1til k striedmej antike a secesia bola obdob\u00edm zdobenia z\u00e1vesov bi\u017eut\u00e9riou. Nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a nov\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia sa nakoniec objavuj\u00fa a\u017e v modernej dobe. V priebehu dej\u00edn z\u00edskala tieniaca technika aj nov\u00fd \u00fa\u010del \u2013 ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie majite\u013ea pred zvedav\u00fdmi o\u010dami susedov a verejnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franc\u00fazsko dalo svetu \u017eal\u00fazie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od text\u00edli\u00ed sa preto \u010dasom upustilo a objavili sa mark\u00edzy a okenice z dreva, ktor\u00e9 boli bu\u010f \u00faplne otvoren\u00e9, alebo zatvoren\u00e9, a pou\u017e\u00edvali sa len v noci. Nesk\u00f4r pri\u0161li okenice posuvn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e pon\u00fakali viac mo\u017enost\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom v hist\u00f3rii tieniacej techniky je v\u0161ak 18. storo\u010die, ke\u010f sa svet zozn\u00e1mil s dosia\u013e najd\u00f4myselnej\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm zatienenia okien. Predt\u00fdm, ako sa v roku 1812 objavili \u017eal\u00fazie s oto\u010dn\u00fdmi a polohovate\u013en\u00fdmi lamelami, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me a pou\u017e\u00edvame aj dnes, chr\u00e1nili okn\u00e1 mre\u017ee, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovali iba poh\u013ead von, no naz\u00edzaniu dovn\u00fatra br\u00e1nili. Tie sa naz\u00fdvali jalousie, \u010do v slovenskom preklade znamen\u00e1 \u017eiarlivos\u0165. Pou\u017e\u00edvali ich toti\u017e hlavne \u017eiarliv\u00ed panovn\u00edci v orient\u00e1lnych h\u00e1remoch. Tento n\u00e1zov sa dochoval do dne\u0161ka. \u201eV polovici 19. storo\u010dia sa potom v Nemecku za\u010dali vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 dreven\u00e9 \u017eal\u00fazie s lamelami spojen\u00fdmi \u0161n\u00farkami a p\u00e1skami a tento princ\u00edp v\u00fdroby sa odvtedy nezmenil. V priebehu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rokov si \u017eal\u00fazie z\u00edskali popularitu po celom svete, dostali horizont\u00e1lnu aj vertik\u00e1lnu podobu a okrem dreva sa vyr\u00e1bali aj z hlin\u00edka, bambusu alebo plastu,\u201c<\/em> pribli\u017euje Petr P\u0159ichystal<\/strong> zo spolo\u010dnosti Lomax<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa zameriava na v\u00fdrobu a in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu tieniacej techniky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rolety vznikli za oce\u00e1nom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do si eur\u00f3pske \u017eal\u00fazie \u017eili vlastn\u00fdm \u017eivotom a postupne nadob\u00fadali ob\u013eubu po celom svete, v rovnakom \u010dase, teda v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, sa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch objavila ich konkurencia. Ani popularita rolovacieho syst\u00e9mu, ke\u010f sa l\u00e1tka nav\u00edjala na hriade\u013e, nebola v\u0161ak zanedbate\u013en\u00e1. Manufakt\u00fary v Amerike u\u017e nest\u00edhali reagova\u0165 na dopyt, a preto sa v\u00fdroba roliet roz\u0161\u00edrila aj do Eur\u00f3py, ktor\u00e1 doteraz pou\u017e\u00edvala v\u00fdhradne \u017eal\u00fazie. \u201ePrv\u00e1 tov\u00e1re\u0148 na rolety u n\u00e1s vznikla okolo roku 1889. Rolety si ob\u013e\u00fabili v\u0161etky spolo\u010densk\u00e9 vrstvy, bolo ich preto mo\u017en\u00e9 zahliadnu\u0165 nielen v pansk\u00fdch domoch a pal\u00e1coch, ale aj v chudobn\u00fdch \u0161tvrtiach. V\u00fdvoj roliet sa na chv\u00ed\u013eu zastavil po druhej svetovej vojne a \u00e9re socializmu, ale v 90. rokoch sa ich vyu\u017eitie zase znova prebudilo,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1va Petr P\u0159ichystal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieniaca technika u\u0161etr\u00ed v lete i v zime n\u00e1klady na energie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017dal\u00fazie a rolety s\u00fa aj dnes ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdmi tieniacimi prvkami. Variabilita materi\u00e1lov, spracovania i vyu\u017eitia je zna\u010dne \u0161irok\u00e1. M\u00e1loktor\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 dnes tieniacu techniku nevyu\u017e\u00edva, naopak, patr\u00ed medzi \u0161tandardn\u00e9 vybavenie bytu \u010di domu. Hoci st\u00e1le sl\u00fa\u017ei hlavne proti prieniku slnka do interi\u00e9ru, na ochranu s\u00fakromia a na zabezpe\u010denie, modern\u00e1 doba dala \u017eal\u00fazi\u00e1m a rolet\u00e1m aj zna\u010dn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa energetick\u00fa bilanciu budovy. \u201eKvalitn\u00e1 tieniaca technika toti\u017e dnes obmedzuje \u00fanik tepla, v\u010faka \u010domu sa v zimn\u00fdch mesiacoch m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady na vykurovanie a\u017e o 10 %. V lete m\u00e1 exteri\u00e9rov\u00e1 tieniaca technika zase vplyv na zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov pri klimatizovan\u00ed administrat\u00edvnych budov, rodinn\u00fdch domov \u010di bytov,\u201c uzatv\u00e1ra<\/em> Petr P\u0159ichystal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V zime zais\u0165uje potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fakromie, pom\u00e1ha v\u0161ak aj lep\u0161ie izolova\u0165 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 domu. V lete potom br\u00e1ni slne\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a teplu, aby prenikli do interi\u00e9ru. Tieniaca technika v podobe \u017eal\u00fazi\u00ed a roliet nie je v\u00fddobytkom s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. \u013dudia sa sna\u017eili okn\u00e1 zatieni\u0165 pred slnkom u\u017e odprad\u00e1vna. \u010co…<\/p>\n

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